{"id":3589,"date":"2019-01-20T14:10:16","date_gmt":"2019-01-20T22:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/?p=3589"},"modified":"2019-01-20T14:40:36","modified_gmt":"2019-01-20T22:40:36","slug":"22-06-2018-und-jetzt-genauer-hingesehen-barbakan-and-now-for-a-closer-look-barbican","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/?p=3589","title":{"rendered":"22.06.2018: Und jetzt genauer hingesehen: Barbakan \/ And now for a closer look: Barbican"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Wir wollten uns ja ein paar Ecken von Krakau genauer ansehen, und nach dem Salzbergwerk sind wir zuerst zum Babakan zur\u00fcck.<\/p>\n<p>As we had mentioned, we had wanted to take a closer look at a few spots of Krakow, and after the salt mine we first went back to the Barbican.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3616\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm00-1-300x258.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm00-1-300x258.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm00-1-768x660.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm00-1.jpg 797w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 85vw, 498px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ihr erinnert Euch, so sieht der von au\u00dfen aus:<\/p>\n<p>You remember, this is what it looks like from the outside:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3591\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm01-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm01-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm01-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm01.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Von innen hat man einen sch\u00f6nen Blick auf zwei Denkm\u00e4ler, die wir schon gesehen hatten:<\/p>\n<p>From the inside you have a good view of two monuments we had already seen:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3607\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm17-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm17-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm17-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm17.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 85vw, 580px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3606\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm16-293x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm16-293x300.jpg 293w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm16.jpg 534w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 85vw, 449px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3603\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm13-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"682\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm13-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm13-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm13.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hier der Turm mit dem Florianstor, davor die Ausstellung zu Slawomir Mrozek.<\/p>\n<p>Here the tower with the St. Florian\u2019s Gate, in front of it the exhibition about Slawomir Mrozek.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3605\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm15-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"689\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm15-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm15-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm15.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00dcbrigens: Die Verteilung der T\u00fcrme in der Stadtmauer war nicht zuf\u00e4llig. Sie waren ca. 50m voneinander entfernt, was die Strecke eines effektiven Schusses mit Pfeil und Bogen abdeckt.<\/p>\n<p>By the way: The distribution of the towers in the city walls system was not accidental. They were situated ca. 50m from one another, which makes up the distance of an effective bowshot.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3601\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm11-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"733\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm11-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm11-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm11.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Den Abschluss der Erweiterung und Verbesserung des Befestigungssystems von Krakau war die Errichtung des Barbakans. Er wurde 1498-1499 gebaut, dank der Hilfe von K\u00f6nig Jan Olbracht, der h\u00f6chstpers\u00f6nlich den Grundstein legte.<\/p>\n<p>The completion of the Krakow fortification system extension and improvement was the construction of the Barbican. It was erected in 1498-1499, thanks to enormous help of king Jan Olbracht, who was to personally lay the cornerstone.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3598\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm08-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"659\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm08-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm08-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm08.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Der Name &#8222;Barbakan&#8220; bezeichnet ein bauliches Element der Verteidigung, das zumeist in der Form einer Toreinfahrt, eines Rondells oder Turms gebaut wurde, das \u00fcber einen Korridor mit dem Verteidigungskreis verbunden war. Die Notwendigkeit eines solch m\u00e4chtigen Bollwerks ergab sich aus der pl\u00f6tzlichen Entwicklung von Feuerwaffen, vor allem Belagerungsartillerie, wie auch aus der unmittelbaren Gefahr der Invasionen.<\/p>\n<p>The name &#8222;barbican&#8220; denotes a defensive architecture element built most often in the form of gateway, bastion or tower, connected by a neck with the defensive circuit. The necessity of erecting such a mighty stronghold in a metropolitan city was connected with the sudden development of fire-arms, siege artillery in particular, as well as with the immediate danger of invasions.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3609\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm19-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"705\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm19-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm19-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm19.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Der Barbakan von Krakau &#8211; eine Perle der Verteidigungsarchitektur &#8211; stellte fast 320 Jahre lang einen festen Teil des Florianstors dar, mit dem er durch den erw\u00e4hnten Korridor verbunden war. Der Barbakan war auch der n\u00f6rdlichste Teil der vorgelagerten Tore.<\/p>\n<p>The Cracovian Barbican &#8211; a pearl of defensive architecture &#8211; for nearly 320 years constituted an integral part of St. Florian&#8217;s Gate, with which it was connected by the aforementioned neck. The Barbican was also the most northern part of the fore-gates.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3592\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm02-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"722\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm02-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm02-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm02.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Der Vorbau des Barbakans bildet einen Abschnitt mit 24,4m innerem Durchmesser, wobei die Dicke der W\u00e4nde zwischen 1,5m und 3,65m variiert. Es ist ein Geb\u00e4ude aus Ziegeln, im gotischen Stil errichtet. Er wurde mit vier Ebenen von Schie\u00dfscharten ausgestattet, verteilt in schachbrettartigem Muster, wie auch mit T\u00fcrmchen, die einen hervorragenden Aussichtspunkt boten. Der Barbakan hat zwei Tore: das s\u00fcdliche, das dem Florianstor gegen\u00fcbersteht, und das westliche, das sogenannte &#8222;Kleparska&#8220;, welches fr\u00fcher mit einer teilweisen Zugbr\u00fccke ausger\u00fcstet war, die den Graben \u00fcberspannte, der um den Barbakan ausgehoben worden war und eine Weite von 26m und eine Tiefe von 6m erreichte.<\/p>\n<p>The projection of the Barbican forms a sector of 24,4m internal diameter, while the thickness of the walls ranges from 1,5m to 3,65m. It is a brick-stone building, erected in the Gothic style. It was equipped with four tiers of loopholes, distributed in a chequered pattern, and turrets forming an excellent observation point. The Barbican has two gates: the southern one facing St. Florian&#8217;s Gate and the western one, the so-called &#8222;Kleparska&#8220;, formerly equipped in a partial draw-bridge, which spanned the moat reaching the width of 26m and the depth of 6m dug around the Barbican.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3600\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm10-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm10-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm10-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm10.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Der Name &#8222;Barbakan&#8220; wurde erst sp\u00e4t, um 1866, verwendet. Die Herkunft bleibt bis heute ein Geheimnis. Verschiedene Theorien leiten seine Etymologie vom arabischen Wort b-al.-baqara ab, welches &#8222;Kuhgatter&#8220; bedeutet, oder vom keltischen &#8222;bar-bacha&#8220;, was man als &#8222;Bollwerk&#8220; \u00fcbersetzen kann. Es gibt auch eine Theorie, die besagt, dass die Wurzel von &#8222;Barbakan&#8220; das lateinische Wort &#8222;barba&#8220; w\u00e4re &#8211; ein Bart, was hier &#8222;jegliche Anlage, die mit Verteidigungsmauern verbunden ist&#8220; beschreibt.<\/p>\n<p>The name &#8222;barbican&#8220; was first employed as late as 1866. Its origin remains a mystery up to this day. Various theories derive its etymology from the Arab word b-al.-baqara, which means &#8222;byre gates&#8220; or else the Celtic &#8222;bar-bacha&#8220;, which can be translated as &#8222;bulwark&#8220;. There exists also a theory according to which the root of &#8222;barbican&#8220; is the Latin word &#8222;barba&#8220; &#8211; a beard, describing &#8222;any construction attached to defensive walls&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3604\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm14-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"717\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm14-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm14-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm14.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Die Pflicht, die Stadt zu verteidigen, oblag unter anderem den Handwerkern der Krakauer Z\u00fcnfte. Seit dem 13. Jahrhundert wurde das Training durch eine paramilit\u00e4rische Vereinigung durchgef\u00fchrt, die den st\u00e4dtischen Beh\u00f6rden unterstand &#8211; der Sch\u00fctzenbruderschaft, auch bekannt als die Hahnenbruderschaft. (Ihr erinnert Euch an das Bild im Rathaus von Breslau?)<\/p>\n<p>The duty to defend the city rested with, among others, the craftsmen of the Krakow guilds. Since the 13th century the training was provided by a paramilitary organization subject to city authorities &#8211; the Rifle Brotherhood, also known as the Brotherhood of the Rooster. (You remember the painting in the town hall of Wroclaw?)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3595\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm05-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"685\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm05-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm05-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm05.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Die folgenden Jahrhunderte nach dem Bau des Barbakans sahen eine rapide Entwicklung von Belagerungstaktiken und Feuerwaffen, die unter anderem daf\u00fcr erfunden wurden, W\u00e4nde zu zerst\u00f6ren und Festungen einzunehmen. Auch f\u00fcr die Befestigung von Krakau gab es neue Anforderungen, doch wegen der st\u00fcrmischen Geschichte des Landes wurden die geplanten Modernisierungen niemals fertiggestellt.<\/p>\n<p>The following centuries after the erection of the Barbican heralded a rapid development of siege technique and of firearms, which were specialised, among others, to crush walls and capture strongholds. New requirements were set also for the fortifications of Krakow, but due to the tempestuous history of the country the planned modernization works were never completed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3597\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm07-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm07-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm07-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm07.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Die W\u00e4nde des Barbakans sch\u00fctzten die k\u00f6nigliche Stadt mehrfach gegen feindliche Armeen. Trotzdem wurden die au\u00dfergew\u00f6hnliche und verdienstvolle Stadtwache und der noch bleibende Teil der Krakauer Befestigungen immer weniger. Die schwierige Situation des Landes, das von Konflikten und durch die Teilung gebeutelt wurde, verhinderte die Instandsetzung der alten Stadtbefestigung und die Errichtung von neuen Anlagen.<\/p>\n<p>Repeatedly the Barbican&#8217;s walls protected the Royal City against enemy armies. Nevertheless the exceptional and deserving city guard, as well as the remaining part of Krakow fortifications, gradually declined. The difficult situation of the country troubled by conflicts and partitioned hindered the renovation of the old ones and the construction of new city fortifications.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3596\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm06-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"760\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm06-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm06-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm06.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Schon 1806 sorgten \u00f6sterreichische Erl\u00e4sse f\u00fcr die Niederrei\u00dfung der Mauern, die zum gr\u00f6\u00dften Teil im Verfall begriffen waren. Ihr Schicksal interessierte den Senator der Freien Stadt Krakau, den Architekten Feliks Radwanski der \u00c4ltere. Dank seines Einsatzes wurde der repr\u00e4sentativste Teil der Mauern beim Florianstor gerettet und f\u00fcr zuk\u00fcnftige Generationen erhalten.<\/p>\n<p>Already in 1806 Austrian decrees begun the liquidation of the walls, for the most part in disrepair. Their lot interested the senator of the Free City of Krakow, achitect, Feliks Radwanski, the Elder. Thanks to his efforts the most representative fragment of the walls by St. Florian&#8217;s Gate was saved and preserved for future generations.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3611\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm21-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"636\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm21-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm21-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm21.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Um die Anlage um das Florianstor gegen den Abriss zu sch\u00fctzen, appellierte er nachdr\u00fccklich an die patriotischen Gef\u00fchle der Polen, wies auf historische und monumentale Werte dieses Teils der Befestigungen hin. Er nutzte auch unkonventionelle Argumente.<\/p>\n<p>In protecting St. Florian&#8217;s Gate complex against demolition, he persistently appealed to patriotic sentiments of the Poles, pointed to historic and monumental values of this section of the fortifications. He also employed unconventional arguments.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3608\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm18-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm18-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm18-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm18.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Seiner \u00dcberzeugung nach w\u00fcrde die Zerst\u00f6rung dieses Teils der Befestigungen den dauernden n\u00f6rdlichen Winden ungehinderten Zugang zur Stadt erlauben, was, vor allem bei Frauen und Kindern, zu h\u00e4ufigen &#8222;Zahninfektionen, Rheuma und vielleicht L\u00e4hmungen&#8220; f\u00fchren w\u00fcrde.<\/p>\n<p>According to his convictions demolition of the fragment of fortifications would allow the unstopped, vehement northern winds to invade the city, causing, in women and children in particular, frequent &#8222;tooth infections, rheumatisms and perhaps paralyses&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3602\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm12-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"781\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm12-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm12-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm12.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Der Barbakan hat sieben Beobachtungst\u00fcrmchen. Jeder konnte nur mit Hilfe einer Leiter erreicht werden. Ihre Verteilung erlaubte eine sorgf\u00e4ltige \u00dcberwachung des gesamten Vordergrunds.<\/p>\n<p>The Barbican has seven observation turrets. Each could be reached only with the help of a ladder. Their distribution allowed for careful observation of the entire foreground.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3594\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm04-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"657\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm04-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm04.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Auf allen vier Ebenen des Barbakans (inklusive dem Korridor) sind 130 Schie\u00dfscharten verteilt. Schwere Waffen wurden bei den unteren Scharten genutzt, w\u00e4hrend an den oberen leichtere Waffen eingesetzt wurden.<\/p>\n<p>On all four tiers of the Barbican (including the neck) the total of 130 loopholes is distributed. Heavy arms were used on the lower tiers, while the lighter ones were employed on the upper ones.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3593\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm03-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"662\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm03-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm03-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm03.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Von den Vorbauten springen Pechnasen vor, mit dekorativen Kragsteinen und \u00d6ffnungen in den B\u00f6den, durch die geschmolzenes Blei und kochendes \u00d6l auf den Feind gesch\u00fcttet wurden, wie auch Kugeln geschossen.<\/p>\n<p>There are machicolations protruding from the face porches with decorative corbels and openings in the floors, through which molten lead and boiling oil were poured onto the enemy, as well as bullets shot.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3599\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm09-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"676\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm09-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm09-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm09.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Neben der Verteidigung diente der Barbakan \u00fcber die Jahrhunderte auch repr\u00e4sentativen Zwecken. Denn er war das bedeutendste und edelste Tor der Landeshauptstadt.<\/p>\n<p>Beside the defensive function, over the centuries the Barbican also served a representative function. For it was the most significant and the noblest gate of the country capital.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3610\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm20-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"671\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm20-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm20-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm20.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00dcbrigens: Der Barbakan entging der Zerst\u00f6rung, aber viele andere Teile der Stadtbefestigung nicht. Danach war es notwendig, das Gel\u00e4nde, das nach der Entfernung der Tr\u00fcmmer frei wurde, zu verwalten. Dort wurden 1822 Arbeiten an einem einzigartigen Garten begonnen, der bis heute existiert und das Stadtzentrum umfasst &#8211; dem Planty.<\/p>\n<p>By the way: The Barbican survived demolition, but many other parts of the city fortifications did not. Afterwards, it was necessary to manage the area that emerged after the debris was cleared. There, in 1822 works were begun to create a one of a kind garden, existing to this day, surrounding the city centre &#8211; the Planty.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-3620\" src=\"http:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm22-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"627\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm22-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm22-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm22-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/numm22-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wir wollten uns ja ein paar Ecken von Krakau genauer ansehen, und nach dem Salzbergwerk sind wir zuerst zum Babakan zur\u00fcck. As we had mentioned, we had wanted to take a closer look at a few spots of Krakow, and after the salt mine we first went back to the Barbican. Ihr erinnert Euch, so &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/?p=3589\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8222;22.06.2018: Und jetzt genauer hingesehen: Barbakan \/ And now for a closer look: Barbican&#8220; <\/span>weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allgemein"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3589"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3589"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3621,"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3589\/revisions\/3621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cirsche.com\/Travel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}